Assistência de urgência e emergência: desafios no atendimento a múltiplas vítimas / Urgency and emergency assistance: challenges in caring for multiple victims / Urgencias y emergencias: retos en la atención a múltiples víctimas

A urgência e emergência, por sua vez, se faz como ocorrência imprevista com ou sem risco potencial à vida, onde o indivíduo necessita de assistência e pressupõem atendimento rápido, proporcional a sua gravidade. O presente trabalho tem o objetivo de promover reflexões acerca dos desafios que surgem diante do atendimento a múltiplas vítimas nos serviços médicos de urgência e emergência. Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa da literatura. Realizou-se uma análise de materiais já publicados na literatura e artigos científicos divulgados em bases de dados: Scientific Eletronic Library Online, Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online e Localizador de informação em Saúde. Foram encontradas nas bases de dados, 25 estudos completos, após a leitura dos resumos, 21 artigos foram selecionados para análise na íntegra, sendo 17 eleitos para integrar a revisão integrativa. Diante dos resultados obtidos, observou que as equipes de atendimento pré- hospitalar vivenciam desafios para atender múltiplas vítimas, e dentro desse paradigma existem várias etapas que devem ser seguidas, que envolvem comunicação desde um protocolo de atendimento inicial ao transporte final. Portanto, observa-se a necessidade de maiores estudos e desenvolvimento de novas tecnologias que auxiliam na assistência a múltiplas vítimas, como também o prepara e atualização dos profissionais.

Urgency and emergency, in turn, is made as an unforeseen occurrence with or without potential risk to life, where the individual needs assistance and quick care, in turn, proportional to its severity. The work of emergency care and the need to respond to problems presented in urgent and emergency services. This is an integrative literature review. An analysis was performed of materials already published in the literature and articles published in databases: Scientific Electronic Library Online, Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online and Health Information Locator. All studies were complete, after reading the studies,21 articles were selected for full analysis, with 17 studies elected to integrate the integrative review. Results obtained, observed that pre care teams experience challenges to support various hospital communication protocols, and within these paradigms from initial care to transport. Therefore, there is a need for studies and development of technologies that assist in the installation of larger and more up-to-date devices, there is a need for studies and development of new technologies, as well as preparation.

La atención de urgencia y emergencia es un suceso imprevisto con o sin riesgo potencial para la vida, en el que el individuo necesita asistencia y requiere una atención rápida, proporcional a su gravedad. Este documento pretende promover la reflexión sobre los retos que surgen al tratar con múltiples víctimas en los servicios médicos de urgencia y emergencia. Se trata de una revisión bibliográfica integradora. Se ha realizado un análisis de los materiales publicados en la literatura y los artículos científicos divulgados en las bases de datos: Scientific Eletronic Library Online, Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online y Localizador de información en Salud. Se encontraron en las bases de datos, 25 estudios completos, después de leer los resúmenes, se seleccionaron 21 artículos para el análisis en su totalidad, siendo 17 elegidos para integrar la revisión integradora. A partir de los resultados obtenidos, se observa que los equipos de atención prehospitalaria viven desafíos para atender a múltiples víctimas, y dentro de este paradigma existen varias etapas que deben seguirse, que implican la comunicación desde un protocolo de atención inicial hasta el transporte final. Por lo tanto, se observa la necesidad de realizar más estudios y desarrollar nuevas tecnologías que ayuden en la asistencia a las múltiples víctimas, así como la preparación y actualización de los profesionales.

Diagnostic costs: a research in a family medicine outpatient clinic

The aim of this study is to evaluate the direct diagnostic costs for disease groups and other variables (such as gender, age, seasons) that are related to the direct diagnostic costs based on a 3-year data. The population of the study consisted of 31,401 patients who applied to family medicine outpatient clinic in Turkey between January 1st, 2016 and December 31st, 2018. With this study, we determined in which disease groups of the family medicine outpatient clinic weremost frequently admitted. Then, total and average diagnostic costs for these disease groups were calculated. Three-year data gave us the opportunity to examine the trend in diagnostic costs. Based on this, we demonstratedwhich diseases' total and average diagnostic costs increased or decreased during 3 years. Moreover, we examined how diagnostic costs showed a trend in both Turkish liras and USA dollars' rate for 3 years. Finally, we analysedwhether the diagnostic costs differed according to variables such as age, gender and season. There has been relatively little analysis on the diagnostic costs in the previous literature. Therefore, we expect to contribute to both theoristsand healthcare managers for diagnostic costs with this study.

Perfil de prematuros em atendimento fonoaudiológico em um ambulatório de follow up / Profile of premature infants undergoing speech-language-hearing care at a follow-up outpatient center

RESUMO Objetivo descrever o perfil de crianças pré-termo, segundo aspectos sociodemográficos, clínicos e assistenciais, e a associação com dados perinatais e pós-natais. Métodos estudo observacional descritivo transversal, aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais - CEP-UFMG, sob o Parecer 3.615.440, realizado por meio da análise de 749 prontuários de crianças pré-termo, atendidas no setor de Fonoaudiologia de ambulatório multidisciplinar de follow-up. Foram incluídos no estudo todos os prontuários do período de 2009 a 2019. Para as análises de associação foram utilizados os testes Qui-quadrado de Pearson e Kruskal-Wallis, sendo considerados como valores com significância estatística os que apresentaram valor de p≤0,05. Resultados verificou-se distribuição similar entre os sexos feminino e masculino e a maior parte das crianças com prematuridade moderada a tardia. A maioria dos pais apresentou ensino médio completo, com renda familiar de até dois salários mínimos (60,0%). Quanto aos aspectos clínicos, observou-se significância estatística (p≤0,001) na associação da idade gestacional com as seguintes variáveis: peso ao nascimento, estatura, perímetro cefálico, uso do Método Canguru, alimentação na alta, drogas ototóxicas, hemorragia intracraniana, sepse e icterícia. A maioria dos bebês (99,9%) realizou o Teste Guthrie com resultado adequado (95,3%). Da mesma forma, referente à realização da Triagem Auditiva Neonatal - (79,9%), com resultado adequado (89,4%). Conclusão a maioria das famílias era de baixa renda, com bebês apresentando prematuridade tardia. Observou-se significância estatística para as variáveis: tipo de parto, peso, estatura, perímetro cefálico, uso de drogas ototóxicas, hemorragia intracraniana, sepse e icterícia, com alterações predominantes em prematuros extremos.

ABSTRACT Purpose to describe the profile of preterm children based on sociodemographic, clinical, and assistance aspects, and their association with peri- and postnatal data. Methods observational, descriptive, cross-sectional study, approved by the Research Ethics Committee of the Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG, Brazil), under evaluation report no. 3,615.440. It was based on the analysis of 749 medical records of preterm children attended at the speech-language-hearing department of a multidisciplinary follow-up outpatient center. All medical records from 2009 to 2019 were included in the study. The association analyses were made with the Pearson chi-square and Kruskal-Wallis tests, and the statistically significant values were set at p≤0.05. Results the sample was evenly distributed between females and males, and most of them were moderate-to-late premature children. Most parents had graduated from high school, earning up to two minimum wages (60.0%). As for the clinical aspects, there was a statistically significant association (p≤0.001) between gestational age and birth weight, length, head circumference, use of kangaroo care, feeding method at discharge, ototoxic drugs, intracranial hemorrhage, sepsis, and jaundice. Most babies (99.9%) were submitted to the Guthrie test, with normal results (95.3%). It was likewise with the Neonatal Hearing Screening (79.9%), with normal results (89.4%). Conclusion most of the sample were from low-income families, with late premature babies. There was a statistical significance for type of delivery, weight, length, head circumference, ototoxic drug use, intracranial hemorrhage, sepsis, and jaundice, with changes occurring predominantly in extremely premature infants.

La imperiosa necesidad de telemedicina en la atención de diabetes durante la pandemia de COVID-19. Un estudio de abordaje integral / The imperious need for telemedicine for the care of diabetes during the COVID-19 pandemic. A comprehensive approach study

Resumen Introducción: Los pacientes con diabetes experimentan dificultades para mantener el control glucémico durante el confinamiento por la pandemia de COVID-19, con el riesgo de presentar complicaciones crónicas de la diabetes y COVID-19 grave. Objetivo: El propósito de este estudio fue evaluar la conversión de un centro de atención primaria presencial de diabetes a un servicio de telemedicina por llamada telefónica. Métodos: Se realizaron consultas médicas por llamada telefónica durante la etapa inicial del confinamiento (abril a junio de 2020), para continuar el seguimiento de pacientes ingresados a un programa de atención multicomponente en diabetes. Resultados: Se realizaron 1118 consultas por llamada telefónica para continuar el seguimiento de 192 pacientes con diabetes tipo 2. Participaron diferentes profesionales de distintas áreas de la salud: atención médica, educación en diabetes, nutrición, psicología y podología. Conclusiones: La atención multicomponente en diabetes se transformó con éxito de un esquema de atención presencial a un servicio de telemedicina. Numerosos pacientes de atención primaria pueden ser candidatos a telemedicina. Se debe considerar un rediseño del modelo de atención que incorpore la telemedicina para mitigar la carga de morbimortalidad en enfermedades crónicas impuesta por la pandemia de COVID-19, pero también para la era pos-COVID-19.

Abstract Introduction: Patients with diabetes experience difficulties to maintain glycemic control during the confinement due to the COVID-19 pandemic, with the risk of developing diabetes chronic complications and severe COVID-19. Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the conversion of an outpatient diabetes primary care center from a face-to-face care modality to a telemedicine care service by telephone. Methods: Medical consultations were made by telephone during the initial phase of confinement (April to June 2020), to then continue the follow-up of patients admitted to a multicomponent diabetes care program. Results: A total of 1,118 consultations were made by telephone and follow-up was subsequently continued in 192 patients with type 2 diabetes. Different professionals from different health areas participated, including medical care, diabetes education, nutrition, psychology and podiatry. Conclusions: Multicomponent diabetes care was successfully transformed from a face-to-face care modality to a telemedicine service. Many primary care patients may be candidates for telemedicine. A redesign of the care model that incorporates telemedicine should be considered to mitigate chronic diseases burden of morbidity and mortality imposed by COVID-19 pandemic, but also for the post-COVID-19 era.

Características de las consultas de los recién nacidos en un servicio de emergencia pediátrica / Newborn consultations in a pediatric emergency department / Características das consultas de recém-nascidos em um serviço de emergência pediátrica

Resumen: Introducción: las consultas de recién nacidos (RN) a servicios de urgencia (SU) son cada vez más frecuentes. Sin embargo, no siempre corresponden a problemas con riesgo significativo. Objetivo: describir las características de las consultas de los RN en el SU de un prestador integral de salud privada entre el 1/1/2018 y el 31/12/2018. Metodología: estudio descriptivo, mediante revisión de historias clínicas y entrevista telefónica a las madres. Se analizaron variables del RN, de la consulta y maternas. Resultados: se registraron 237 consultas, correspondientes a 209 RN, sexo masculino 53%, media de edad 16 días. Los diagnósticos al egreso se agruparon en tres categorías: 1) consultas vinculadas a aspectos de puericultura 29%, 2) procesos fisiológicos 22% y 3) patologías agudas 49%. La tasa de hospitalización fue 27%. Ingresaron 64 RN: 2 del grupo 1 (escaso incremento ponderal); 6 del grupo 2 (ictericia); 56 del grupo 3. La media de la estadía hospitalaria fue 3 días (rango 1-14). No se registraron fallecimientos. Conclusiones: predominaron las consultas de RN sin patología aguda, potencialmente evitables. A pesar de ello, debido a la elevada vulnerabilidad de este grupo etario, el pediatra de urgencias debe realizar una evaluación minuciosa en estos niños. Es probable que, facilitando el acceso al primer nivel de atención y completando la información que se brinda a los padres, pueda disminuir la frecuencia de estas consultas. Conocer los problemas de salud de los RN y las principales preocupaciones de los padres constituye un importante insumo para implementar estrategias de mejora y optimizar la utilización de los recursos.

Abstract: Introduction: the number of newborn presentations to the Pediatric Emergency Department is gradually increasing. However, not all cases are caused by significant risks. Objective: to describe the characteristics of newborn presentations to the pedriatric emergency department of a comprehensive health care provider between January 1 and December 31, 2018. Method: descriptive study by analysing medical records and telephone interviews to mothers. Newborn, maternal and consultation variables were analysed. Results: 237 presentations were recorded, 209 of which corresponded to newborns, male neonates 53%, average age was 16 days. Diagnostics upon discharge were classified into three categories: 1) consultations associated to childcare (29%), 2) physiological processes (22%) and severe conditions (49%). Hospitalization rate was 27%. 64 newborns were hospitalized: 2 of them belonging to group 1 (low weight gain); 6 to group 2 (jaundice); 56 to group 3. Average hospital stay was 3 days (range 1-14). No deaths were recorded. Conclusions: most consultations were caused by non-severe conditions which were potentially avoidable. However, given the high vulnerability of this group of patients, emergency pediatricians must carefully assess these infants. It may be possible that the frequency of these consultations drops by making access to the first level of care easier, and by providing parents with more complete information. Learning about the health problems that are typical of newborns and the main concerns of parents constitutes an important input for the implementation of improvement strategies and to optimize the use of resources.

Resumo: Introdução: as consultas de recém-nascido (RN) são cada vez mais frequentes nos serviços de emergência (PS). No entanto, nem sempre correspondem a problemas com risco significativo. Objetivo: descrever as características das consultas de RNs no PS de uma instituição privada de saúde integral no período 1 de janeiro a 31 de dezembro de 2018. Metodologia: estudo descritivo, por meio de revisão de prontuários e entrevista telefônica com as mães. Analisaram-se RN, consulta e variáveis maternas. Resultados: foram registradas 237 consultas, correspondendo a 209 RNs, 53% do sexo masculino, média de idade de 16 dias. Os diagnósticos de alta foram agrupados em três categorias: 1) consultas relacionadas aos aspectos da puericultura 29%, 2) processos fisiológicos 22% e 3) patologias agudas 49%. A taxa de internação foi de 27%. Foram admitidos 64 RNs: 2 do grupo 1 (pequeno aumento de peso); 6 do grupo 2 (icterícia); 56 do grupo 3. O tempo médio de internação foi de 3 dias (variação 1-14). Não houve mortes. Conclusões: predominaram as consultas de recém-nascidos sem patologia aguda, potencialmente evitáveis. Apesar disso, devido à alta vulnerabilidade dessa faixa etária, o pediatra do pronto-socorro deve realizar uma avaliação criteriosa dessas crianças. É provável que, ao facilitar o acesso ao primeiro nível de atendimento e ao preencher as informações prestadas aos pais, seja possível diminuir a frequência dessas consultas. Conhecer os problemas de saúde dos recém-nascidos e as principais preocupações dos pais constitui um importante insumo para implementar estratégias de melhoria e otimizar o uso de recursos.

El desempeño del primer nivel y su relación con las hospitalizaciones evitables / The primary care performance and its relationship with preventable hospitalizations

INTRODUCCIÓN. El enfoque de atención primaria en el diseño de servicios de salud sigue siendo importante. La coordinación asistencial y la continuidad de la atención son ejes fundamentales para el abordaje de las enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles como la diabetes mellitus, que ha sido catalogada como enfermedad susceptible de cuidados ambulatorios. Las tasas de hospitalización elevadas por este tipo de condiciones reflejan una atención ambulatoria deficiente e inadecuada para el problema de salud estudiado, lo que implica que la población no accedió a la atención, o que esta no es resolutiva. MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS. Se analizaron todas las consultas de emergencia, en 12 meses en un hospital de Quito, se buscaron consultas externas de pacientes en todos los establecimientos de primer nivel del MSP antes de la consulta por emergencia, desde el 1 de enero de 2015 hasta un día antes de la consulta por emergencia. RESULTADOS. De 41 pacientes atendidos con diagnóstico de enfermedades evitables 58% eran mujeres, 43% (18) requirió hospitalización. El promedio de días de hospitalización fue 6,51, con una dispersión de 13,0; el de consultas externas previo a la emergencia fue 3,07, con máximo 22 consultas. Los hospitalizados tuvieron, en promedio, 5,05 consultas externas antes de la emergencia y hospitalización, aproximadamente 4 más que el promedio (0,95) de los pacientes no hospitalizados. DISCUSIÓN. las elevadas tasas de hospitalización podrían reflejar una atención primaria deficiente, lo que implica que la población no accedió a la atención, sin embargo, habría que analizar la gravedad de los pacientes.

INTRODUCTION. Primary care services are important for the delivery of comprehensive health services. The coordination and continuity of care are the main characteristics to approach non-communicable diseases like diabetes mellitus, which has been classified as ambulatory care sensitive condition. The high hospitalization rate might reveal poor and inadequate out-patient care, implying that the population did not access care, or that care was not effective. MATERIALS AND METHODS. All emergency consultations within 12 months in one hospital in Quito were analyzed according to their ICD-10 codes. They were compared with the consultations at the first level of care facilities of the Ministry of Public Health, from January 1st, 2015 until one day before the emergency consultation. RESULTS. Of 41 patients who attended with a diagnosis of preventable diseases 58% were wo-men, 43% (18) required hospitalization. The average number of days of hospitalization was 6.51, with a dispersion of 13.0; the number of external consultations prior to the emergency was 3.07, with a maximum of 22 consultations. The hospitalized patients had, on average, 5.05 outpatient visits before the emergency and hospitalization, approximately 4 more than the average (0.95) of the non-hospitalized patients. DISCUSSION. The high hospitalization rate, due to this condition, might reveal poor and inadequate ambulatory care, nevertheless it is necessary to analyze the severity of the cases in the studs.

Burden of Outpatient Visits Attributable to Ambient Temperature in Qingdao, China / 生物医学与环境科学（英文）

Climate change has been referred to as one of the greatest threats to human health, with reports citing likely increases in extreme meteorological events. In this study, we estimated the relationships between temperature and outpatients at a major hospital in Qingdao, China, during 2015-2017, and assessed the morbidity burden. The results showed that both low and high temperatures were associated with an increased risk of outpatient visits. High temperatures were responsible for more morbidity than low temperatures, with an attributed fraction (AF) of 16.86%. Most temperature-related burdens were attributed to moderate cold and hot temperatures, with AFs of 5.99% and 14.44%, respectively, with the young (0-17) and male showing greater susceptibility. The results suggest that governments should implement intervention measures to reduce the adverse effects of non-optimal temperatures on public health-especially in vulnerable groups.

Comparative research aspects on hospitalizations for ambulatory care sensitive conditions: the case of Brazil and Portugal / Aspectos de pesquisa comparativa em internações por condições sensíveis à atenção primária: o caso de Brasil e Portugal

Abstract Hospitalizations for ambulatory care sensitive conditions have been used to measure access, quality and performance of the primary health care delivery system, as timely and adequate care could potentially avoid the need of hospitalization. Comparative research provides the opportunity for cross-country learning process. Brazil and Portugal have reformed their primary health care services in the last years, with similar organizational characteristics. We used hospitalization data of Brazil and Portugal for the year 2015 to compare hospitalizations for ambulatory care sensitive conditions between the two countries, and discussed conceptual and methodological aspects to be taken into consideration in the comparative approach. Brazil and Portugal presented similarities in causes and standardized rates of hospitalizations for ambulatory care sensitive conditions. There was great sensitivity on rates according to the methodology employed to define conditions. Hospitalizations for ambulatory care sensitive conditions are important sources of pressure for both Brazil and Portugal, and there are conceptual and methodological aspects that are critical to render the country-comparison approach useful.

Resumo As internações por condições sensíveis à atenção primária têm sido usadas para medir o acesso, a qualidade e o desempenho da atenção primária à saúde, uma vez que o atendimento oportuno e adequado poderia evitar a necessidade de internação. A pesquisa comparativa oferece oportunidade para o processo de aprendizagem entre países. Brasil e Portugal reformaram seus serviços de atenção primária à saúde nos últimos anos, com características organizacionais semelhantes. Utilizamos dados de internação do Brasil e de Portugal para o ano de 2015 para comparar internações por condições sensíveis à atenção primária entre os dois países, e discutimos aspectos conceituais e metodológicos a serem considerados na abordagem comparativa. Brasil e Portugal apresentaram semelhanças nas causas e taxas padronizadas de internações por condições sensíveis à atenção primária. Houve grande sensibilidade nas taxas de acordo com a metodologia empregada para definir as condições. Internações por condições sensíveis à atenção primária são importantes fontes de pressão tanto para o Brasil quanto para Portugal, e há aspectos conceituais e metodológicos que são fundamentais para tornar a abordagem comparativa entre países útil.

Necesidades de atención en salud mental y uso de servicios en población mexicana con trastornos mentales graves / Mental health care needs and use of services in Mexican population with serious mental disorders

Resumen: Objetivo: Analizar las demandas de atención de los trastornos mentales graves (TMG) y factores asociados con la utilización de servicios en México. Material y métodos: Se llevó a cabo un estudio analítico transversal en dos fases: la primera con una base de datos nacional de servicios disponibles y su utilización; la segunda, una muestra de registros médicos de un hospital psiquiátrico. Resultados: La esquizofrenia es el TMG más prevalente; más de 50% de hospitalizados fueron hombres, con edad promedio 37 años. La utilización de servicios estuvo asociada con la edad (β=1.062; p=.000), ingreso familiar (β=1.000, p=.000) y no tener ocupación (β=3.407; p=.000). La población con esquizofrenia tiene cuatro veces más la probabilidad de requerir estar exenta de pago (β=4.158; p=.000). Conclusiones: La población con TMG es más vulnerable por la discapacidad funcional y social asociada; requiere de intervenciones específicas de salud acompañadas de una política de protección financiera adaptada a sus necesidades de atención.

Abstract: Objective: To analyze the mental health care needs of the serious mental disorders (SMD) and factors associated with the use of services in Mexico. Materials and methods: A cross-sectional analytical study was conducted in two phases, the first with a national database of available services and its utilization; the second, a sample of medical records of a psychiatric hospital. Results: Schizophrenia is the most prevalent MDS; more than 50% of those hospitalized were male, with an average age of 37 years. The use of services was associated with age (β=1.062, p=.000), family income (β=1.000, p=.000) and no laboral occupation (β=3.407, p=.000). The population with schizophrenia is four times more likely to require to be exempt from payment (β=4.158, p=.000). Conclusions: The population with SMD as schizophrenia is more vulnerable due to the associated functional and social disability and it requires specific heath interventions and a financial protection policy adapted to their mental health care needs.

Overview of acute diarrheal disease at the dawn of the 21st century: The case of Mexico / Panorama de la enfermedad diarreica aguda en los albores del siglo XXI: el caso de México

Abstract: Objective: To provide an overview of morbidity and mortality due to acute diarrheal disease in Mexico in order to understand its magnitude, distribution, and evolution from 2000 to 2016. Materials and methods: We carried out a longitudinal ecological study with secondary sources of information. We used data from epidemiological surveillance, health services, and vital statistics. We calculated and mapped measures of utilization of health services rates and mortality due to diarrheal diseases. Results: Diarrhea morbidity decreased by 42.1% across the period. However, emergency department attendances increased by 50.7% in the Ministry of Health. The hospitalization rate and mortality among the general population decreased by 37.6 and 39.7%, respectively, and the infant mortality rate decreased by 72.3% among children under five years of age. Chiapas and Oaxaca had the highest mortality among the states of Mexico. Conclusions: Cases of diarrhea, including rotavirus, have decreased in Mexico. However, in 2016, 3.4 per 100 000 people died due to diarrhea, which could have been avoided with health promotion.

Resumen: Objetivo: Ofrecer un panorama de la morbimortalidad por enfermedad diarreica aguda (EDA) entre 2000 y 2016 en México, para entender su magnitud, distribución y evolución. Material y métodos: Estudio ecológico longitudinal, con fuentes de información secundarias. Se analizaron datos de vigilancia epidemiológica, prestación de servicios y estadísticas vitales. Se calcularon tasas de utilización de servicios y mortalidad. Resultados: La morbilidad por EDA disminuyó 42.1% en el periodo, sin embargo, la atención por urgencias aumentó 50.7% en SS. La tasa de hospitalización descendió 37.6% y la mortalidad 39.7% en población general y 72.3% en menores de cinco años. Chiapas y Oaxaca fueron los estados con mayor tasa de mortalidad. Conclusiones: Los casos de diarrea, incluyendo los de rotavirus, han disminuido en el país. Sin embargo, en 2016 se encontró una tasa de 3.4 por 100 000 personas que mueren por EDA, lo cual podría evitarse con promoción de la salud.

Complexity of pediatric chronic disease: cross-sectional study with 16,237 patients followed by multiple medical specialties / Complexidade da doença crônica pediátrica: estudo tranversal com 16.237 pacientes seguidos por múltiplas especialidades médicas

ABSTRACT Objective: To assess demographic data and characteristics of children and adolescents with pediatric chronic diseases (PCD), according to the number of specialties/patient. Methods: We performed a cross-sectional study with 16,237 PCD patients at outpatient clinics in one year. Data were analyzed by an electronic data system, according to the number of physician appointments for PCD. This study assessed: demographic data, follow-up characteristics, types of medical specialty, diagnosis (International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems - ICD-10), number of day hospital clinic visits, and acute complications. Results: Patients followed by ≥3 specialties simultaneously showed a significantly higher duration of follow-up compared to those followed by ≤2 specialties [2.1 (0.4-16.4) vs. 1.4 (0.1-16.2) years; p<0.001] and a higher number of appointments in all specialties. The most prevalent medical areas in patients followed by ≥3 specialties were: Psychiatry (Odds Ratio - OR=8.0; confidence interval of 95% - 95%CI 6-10.7; p<0.001), Palliative/Pain Care (OR=7.4; 95%CI 5.7-9.7; p<0.001), Infectious Disease (OR=7.0; 95%CI 6.4-7.8; p<0.001) and Nutrology (OR=6.9; 95%CI 5.6-8.4; p<0.001). Logistic regressions demonstrated that PCD patients followed by ≥3 specialties were associated with high risk for: number of appointments/patient (OR=9.2; 95%CI 8.0-10.5; p<0.001), day hospital clinic visits (OR=4.8; 95%CI 3.8-5.9; p<0.001), emergency department visits (OR=3.2; 95%CI 2.9-3.5; p<0.001), hospitalizations (OR=3.0; 95%CI 2.7-3.3; p<0.001), intensive care admissions (OR=2.5; 95%CI 2.1-3.0; p<0.001), and deaths (OR=2.8; 95%CI 1.9-4.0; p<0.001). The diagnosis of asthma, obesity, chronic pain, and transplant was significantly higher in patients followed by ≥3 specialties. Conclusions: The present study showed that PCD patients who required simultaneous care from multiple medical specialties had complex and severe diseases, with specific diagnoses.

RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar dados demográficos e características de crianças e adolescentes com doenças crônicas pediátricas, de acordo com o número de especialidades/paciente. Métodos: Realizou-se um estudo transversal com 16.237 pacientes com doenças crônicas pediátricas durante um ano. A análise foi feita em um sistema eletrônico, de acordo com número de consultas médicas para doenças crônicas pediátricas. Este estudo avaliou dados demográficos, características do seguimento, tipos de especialidades médicas, diagnóstico (10ª Revisão da Classificação Estatística Internacional de Doenças e Problemas Relacionados com a Saúde - CID-10), número de visitas e complicações agudas. Resultados: Os pacientes acompanhados por três ou mais especialidades simultaneamente tiveram seguimento de maior duração comparados com aqueles seguidos por ≤2 especialidades [2,1 (0,4-16,4) vs. 1,4 (0,1-16,2) anos; p<0,001], bem como maior número de consultas em todas as especialidades. As áreas médicas mais comuns em pacientes acompanhados por ≥3 especialidades foram: psiquiatria (Odds Ratio - OR=8,0; intervalo de confiança de 95% - IC95% 6-10,7; p<0,001); dor/cuidados paliativos (OR=7,4; IC95% 5,7-9,7; p<0,001); doenças infecciosas (OR=7,0; IC95% 6,4-7,8; p<0,001); nutrologia (OR=6,9; IC95% 5,6-8,4; p<0,001). As regressões logísticas mostraram que os pacientes com doenças crônicas pediátricas seguidos por ≥3 especialidades tinham alto risco para: maior número de consultas/paciente (OR=9,2; IC95% 8,0-10,5; p<0,001); atendimentos em hospital-dia (OR=4,8; 95%IC3,8-5,9; p<0,001); atendimentos em pronto-socorro (OR=3,2; IC95% 2,9-3,5; p<0,001); hospitalizações (OR=3,0; IC95%2,7-3,3; p<0,001); internação em terapia intensiva (OR=2,5; IC95% 2,1-3,0; p<0,001); óbitos (OR=2,8; IC95%1,9-4,0; p<0,001). Os diagnósticos de asma, obesidade, dor crônica, transplante e infecção do trato urinário foram mais frequentes nos pacientes seguidos por três ou mais especialidades. Conclusões: O presente estudo mostrou que pacientes com doenças crônicas pediátricas que necessitaram de múltiplas especialidades médicas simultaneamente apresentavam doenças complexas e graves, com diagnósticos específicos.

Diabetic ketoacidosis as the initial presentation of type 1 diabetes in children and adolescents: epidemiological study in southern brazil / Cetoacidose diabética como apresentação inicial de diabetes tipo 1 em crianças e adolescentes: estudo epidemiológico no sul do brasil

ABSTRACT Objective: To analyze the variables associated with the presence of diabetic ketoacidosis in type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) diagnosis and its impact on the progression of the disease. Methods: We reviewed the records of 274 children and adolescents under 15 years, followed in a Pediatric Endocrinology clinic of a university hospital in Curitiba-PR. They had their first appointment between January 2005 and April 2015. Results: Most patients received their T1DM diagnosis during a diabetic ketoacidosis episode. The associated factors were: lower age and greater number of visits to a physician's office prior to diagnosis; diabetic ketoacidosis was less frequent in patients who had siblings with T1DM and those diagnosed at the first appointment. Nausea and vomiting, abdominal pain, tachydyspnea, and altered level of consciousness were more common in the diabetic ketoacidosis group. There was no association with socioeconomic status, duration of symptoms before diagnosis, and length of the honeymoon period. Conclusions: Prospective studies are necessary to better define the impact of these factors on diagnosis and disease control. Campaigns to raise awareness among health professionals and the general population are essential to promote early diagnosis and proper treatment of diabetes mellitus in children and adolescents.

RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar as variáveis associadas ao diagnóstico de diabetes melito tipo 1 (DM1) na vigência de cetoacidose diabética e seu impacto na evolução da doença. Métodos: Foram avaliadas 274 crianças e adolescentes com idade até 15 anos acompanhados em um ambulatório de endocrinologia pediátrica de um hospital universitário de Curitiba, Paraná, cuja primeira consulta ocorreu entre janeiro de 2005 e abril de 2015. Resultados: A maioria dos pacientes teve diagnóstico de DM1 na vigência de cetoacidose diabética. Os fatores associados foram: menor idade e maior número de consultas prévias ao diagnóstico; a cetoacidose diabética foi menos frequente quando havia um irmão com DM1 e quando o diagnóstico foi feito na primeira consulta médica. Náuseas ou vômitos, dor abdominal, taquidispneia e alteração do nível de consciência foram mais frequentes no grupo com cetoacidose diabética ao diagnóstico. Não se observou associação com nível socioeconômico, tempo de sintomas antes do diagnóstico e duração do período de lua de mel. Conclusões: São necessários estudos prospectivos para definir melhor o impacto desses fatores no diagnóstico e no controle da doença. Campanhas de conscientização dos profissionais de saúde e da população são necessárias para que haja diagnóstico precoce e tratamento adequado do diabetes melito em crianças e adolescentes.

Challenges for the implementation of the chain of custody for rape victims in the Federal District / Desafíos para implantación de la cadena de custodia para víctimas de violación en el Distrito Federal / Desafios para implantação da cadeia de custódia para as vítimas de estupro no Distrito Federal

Abstract Chain of Custody implies adequate collection, recording, and storage of the vestige of sexual violence, guaranteeing the reliability of the material that will be forwarded as expert evidence. Its implementation in the Unified Health System has faced challenges. Objective: To know the attendance to victims of sexual violence in the public maternity of Federal District and evaluate the knowledge of the team about the legislation on a chain of custody. Method: Cross-sectional, quantitative, and descriptive study with 134 medical and nursing professionals working in the obstetric emergency, who answered a questionnaire, submitted to descriptive statistical analysis and the Qui-Square Test. Results: Of the 78.95% of professionals who reported attending to victims of sexual violence, 25.71% consulted in 10 minutes, and 14.18% received specific training. The situational diagnosis reveals that the care is superficial, centered on medical issues, and the collection of vestiges is non-existent. Conclusion and implications to nursing practice: A generalized change of posture is necessary so that it is possible to implant the chain of custody in the maternity studied. It is essential to develop care beyond medical issues, and which includes forensics. It is suggested a collaborative action between physicians and nurses, with nursing as the epicenter of this process.

Resumen La Cadena de Custodia implica el adecuado proceso de recolección, registro y almacenamiento del vestigio de la violencia sexual, garantizando confiabilidad al material encaminado como prueba pericial. Su instalación en el Sistema Unico de Salud ha enfrentado desafíos. Objetivos: Conocer la atención a la víctima de violencia sexual en maternidad pública del Distrito Federal y evaluar el conocimiento del equipo acerca de la legislación sobre cadena de custodia. Método: Estudio transversal, cuantitativo y descriptivo, con 134 profesionales de medicina y enfermería actuantes en la emergencia obstétrica, que respondieron un cuestionario, sometido al análisis estadístico descriptivo y al Test Qui-Cuadrado. Resultados: Entre el 78,95% de los profesionales que afirmaron atender a víctimas de violación, 25,71% las consultan en 10 minutos y 14.18% recibieron capacitación específica. El diagnóstico situacional revela que la atención es superficial, centrada en cuestiones médicas y la recolección de vestigios es inexistente. Conclusión e implicaciones para la práctica de enfermería: Un cambio generalizado de postura es necesario para posibilitar la implantación de la cadena de custodia en la maternidad estudiada. Es fundamental desarrollar una atención más allá de cuestiones médicas y que incluya cuestiones periciales. Se sugiere una actuación colaborativa entre médicos y enfermeros, teniendo la enfermería como epicentro de ese proceso.

Resumo A Cadeia de Custódia implica no adequado processo de coleta, registro e armazenagem do vestígio da violência sexual, garantindo a confiabilidade do material que será encaminhado como prova pericial. Sua instalação no Sistema Único de Saúde tem enfrentado desafios. Objetivos: Conhecer o atendimento à vítima de violência sexual em maternidade pública do DF e avaliar o conhecimento da equipe acerca da legislação sobre cadeia de custódia. Método: Estudo transversal, quantitativo e descritivo, com 134 profissionais de medicina e enfermagem que atuam na emergência obstétrica, que responderam a um questionário, submetido à análise estatística descritiva e o Teste Qui-Quadrado. Resultados: Dentre os 78,95% dos profissionais que afirmaram atender vítimas de violência sexual, 25,71% as consultam em 10 minutos e 14.18% receberam capacitação específica. O diagnóstico situacional revela que o atendimento é superficial, centrado em questões médicas e a coleta de vestígios é inexistente. Conclusão e implicações para a prática de enfermagem: Uma mudança generalizada de postura é necessária para que seja possível implantar a cadeia de custódia na maternidade estudada. É fundamental desenvolver um o atendimento para além de questões médicas, e que inclua questões periciais. Sugere-se uma atuação colaborativa entre médicos e enfermeiros, tendo a enfermagem como epicentro desse processo.

Spectator medicine at an international mega sports event: Rugby World Cup 2019 in Japan

BACKGROUND@#The Rugby World Cup (RWC) is one of the biggest international mega sports events in the world. This study was conducted to identify and evaluate the volume, nature, and severity of spectator medical care in the stadiums of 12 venues across Japan during RWC 2019.@*METHOD@#This was a retrospective review of medical records from spectator medical rooms of 45 official matches of RWC 2019 between September 20 and November 2, 2019. All patients in the stadium who visited the spectator medical room and were transferred to a hospital were included. The wet bulb globe temperature (WBGT) value at the kick-off time of each match, the number of visits to the spectator medical room, and the number of transfers to a hospital were reviewed and analyzed. The patient presentation rate (PPR) was calculated per 10,000 attendees. Severity categories were defined as mild or severe. Mild cases were considered non-life threatening requiring minimal medical intervention, and severe cases required transport to a hospital.@*RESULT@#The total number of visits to the spectator medical room was 449 with a PPR of 2.63. Most cases (91.5%) were mild in severity. The PPR was significantly higher for the matches held with a WBGT over 25 °C than for the matches under 21 °C (PPR 4.27 vs 2.04, p = 0.04). Thirty-eight cases were transferred to a hospital by ambulance; the PPR was 0.22. The most common reasons for transfer to the hospital were heat illness and fracture/dislocation, at a rate of 15.8% each. The incidence rate of cardiopulmonary arrest per 10,000 attendees was 0.0059 during RWC 2019.@*CONCLUSION@#Preparation and provision of appropriate medical service for spectators is a key factor for mass-gathering events. During RWC 2019, the majority (91.5%) of patients who sought medical attention did so for minor complaints, which were easily assessed and managed. On the other hand, a higher WBGT situation contributes significantly to an increased PPR ( 25, 2.04 versus 4.27, p = 0.04). Careful medical preparation, management, and development of public education programs for higher WBGT situations will be required in the future for similar international mega sports events.

El tiempo de consulta ambulatoria en el Hospital Garrahan / Time of the outpatient visit at Garrahan Hospital

Mediano Riesgo es un servicio de atención ambulatoria del Hospital Garrahan. Se atienden pacientes con enfermedades prolongadas, que han realizado consultas en otros efectores de salud u otros servicios del Hospital, o que requieren segunda opinión o abordaje multidisciplinario. Objetivos: Mensurar el tiempo profesional invertido en la atención como herramienta para ponderar la complejidad de los pacientes. Identificar variables demográficas y del proceso de atención. Material y métodos: Investigación descriptiva, transversal sobre pacientes encuestados entre julio y diciembre de 2017 en el Sector de Mediano Riesgo. Se registraron: variables demográficas, proceso de atención, diagnósticos previos y finales, interconsultas, exámenes complementarios y tiempos de consulta profesional. Se tomó 65 minutos (mediana del tiempo profesional total) como punto de corte para definir dos grupos: tiempo de consulta corto o largo. Se realizó un análisis comparativo entre ambos. Resultados: se encuestaron 400 pacientes. Mediana de edad fue de 67,2 meses; 80,1% procedían de CABA y del GBA; mediana de duración del síntoma fue 4 meses; 25,8% tenía enfermedad de base; 62,5% fueron pacientes derivados (externos e internos); destino a pediatra zonal: 30%; interconsultas: 48,5%; tiempo total profesional: mediana 65 minutos (rango 12-460); diagnósticos simples: 37,2%. Variables con significación estadística para pertenecer al tiempo largo: número de diagnósticos finales, procedencia, diagnósticos no simples y presencia de enfermedad de base. Variables con tendencia a pertenecer a tiempo largo: duración del síntoma mayor de 1 mes, edad menor a 24 meses, patología tumoral, síndromes polimalformativos, abuso sexual infantil y problemas de lenguaje /aprendizaje. Conclusiones: el tiempo de consulta es un factor concurrente para la evaluación de la complejidad del proceso de atención. La identificación de variables que permitan preverlo es información relevante para la organización del sector, o de otros efectores de salud (AU)

The sector of Intermediate Risk is part of the outpatient clinics of Garrahan Hospital. In the sector patients with chronic diseases are seen, that have have consulted at other centers or other departments of the hospital, or that need a second opinion or a multidisciplinary approach. Objectives: To assess the professional time invested in care as a tool to evaluate the complexity of the patients, and to identify demographic variables and the care process. Material and methods: A cross-sectional, descriptive study on patients surveyed between July and December 2017 in the Sector of Intermediate Risk. The following data were recorded: Demographic features, care process, previous and final diagnoses, consultations, complementary studies, duration of the interview. A time of 65 minutes (median total time of the visit) was defined as the cut-off point to define two groups: Those with a long and a short interview. A comparative analysis was performed comparing both groups. Results: 400 patients were surveyed. Median age was 67.2 months; 80.1% were form the city of Buenos Aires and Greater Buenos Aires. Mean symptom duration was 4 months; 25.8% had an underlying disease; 62.5% of the patients was referred (either external or internally); referred by the local pediatrician: 30%; second opinions: 48,5%; total time of the interview: median 65 minutes (range, 12-460); simple diagnoses: 37.2%. Statistically significant variables for a long interview were: number of final diagnoses, place of origin, complicated diagnoses, and presence of underlying disease. Variables with a trend to a long interview were: symptom duration more than one month, age less than 24 months, a diagnosis of a tumor, polymalformation syndromes, sexual abuse, language/learning difficulties. Conclusions: The time of the interview is a concurrent factor for the assessment of the complexity of the care process. Identification of the variables that allow to anticipate these cases is relevant for the organization of the sector or other health care providers (AU)

Consultorio de orientaciòn de cardilogía: epidemiología y perfil de la población / Cardiology guidance clinic: Epidemiology and profile of the population

Introducción: Las cardiopatías congénitas (CC) son las anomalías congénitas más frecuentes. Representan el 0,8-1,2% de todos los defectos del nacimiento y tienen una prevalencia de alrededor de 5,8 por cada 1000 personas. El Servicio de Cardiología del Hospital Garrahan es un centro de referencia nacional y de países limítrofes donde se realizan 18000 consultas anuales. Los pacientes que concurren por primera vez se atienden en el consultorio de orientación. Objetivo: Describir la epidemiologia y perfil de los pacientes que asisten diariamente al consultorio de orientación de cardiología infantil en un hospital pediátrico de tercer nivel de Buenos Aires. Métodos: Entre septiembre de 2017 y febrero de 2018 se recolectaron los datos de 1000 pacientes atendidos en forma consecutiva en el consultorio de orientación de cardiología. A la totalidad de los pacientes se les realizó anamnesis, examen físico cardiovascular, electrocardiograma, y en los casos en los que se consideró necesario, saturometría, radiografía de tórax y/o ecocardiograma. Las variables a considerar fueron edad, procedencia, presencia o ausencia de cardiopatías congénitas o adquiridas, soplo, cianosis, insuficiencia cardíaca, estado nutricional, síndromes genéticos asociados, métodos diagnósticos e indicaciones terapéuticas implementadas. Se subdividió la población en cinco grupos: Grupo A (pacientes con cardiopatía congénita), Grupo B (cardiopatías operadas), Grupo C (miocardiopatías), Grupo D (arritmias), Grupo E (corazón sano). Resultados: La edad mediana fue 4.86 años (0.03 a 18.9 años). El 64% de los pacientes procedían de la provincia de Buenos Aires. Los motivos de consulta fueron: interconsultas internas 29.5%, derivación por cardiopatía 27.2%, soplo 17.6%, síncope 7%, segunda opinión 5.1%, arritmias 4.8%, precordialgia 3.1%, palpitaciones 2.6%, episodio paroxístico 1.4%, cardiomegalia 0.7%, disnea 0.5%, mal progreso de peso 0.3%. El 10.6% tenían un síndrome genético. Grupo A: 252 pacientes con una edad mediana de 1.9 años. Las cardiopatías acianóticas con hiperflujo pulmonar fueron las más frecuentes (66.66%, 168/252). Grupo B: 51 pacientes, 23.52%(12/51) fueron Fallot reparados en otra institución. Grupo C: 22 pacientes, siendo la miocardiopatía hipertrófica la más frecuente. Grupo D: 47 pacientes, la preexcitación ventricular fue el hallazgo más frecuente (34,04%, 16/47). Grupo E: 628 pacientes, 45.70% (287/628) derivados por pediatras del área ambulatoria, principalmente para valoración de pacientes con enfermedades sistémicas o síndromes genéticos. Conclusión: Los motivos de derivación al consultorio de orientación de cardiología fueron muy diversos. La mayoría de los pacientes provenían de provincia de Buenos Aires. Solamente el 37.2% presentó algún problema cardiológico de base. El 91% de los pacientes que consultaron por soplo, no tuvieron cardiopatía. El grupo correspondiente a los pacientes con cardiopatías no operadas (grupo A) fue el de menor edad (mediana de 1.9 años) y las cardiopatías simples no cianóticas con hiperflujo pulmonar representaron el 66.66% de las cardiopatías. La implementación del ecocardiograma portátil en el consultorio de orientación permitió confirmar el diagnóstico y definir la conducta terapéutica en el 29.4% de los pacientes durante la primer consulta (AU)

Introduction: Congenital heart defects (CHD) are the most common congenital abnormalities. They account for 0.8-1.2% of all birth defects and have a prevalence of around 5.8 per 1000 people. The Department of Cardiology of Garrahan Hospital is a national and bordering-country reference center, receiving 18000 consultations annually. Patients seen for the first time are assessed at the cardiology guidance clinic. Objective: To describe the epidemiology and profile of patients who seen daily at the child cardiology guidance clinic of a third-level pediatric hospital in Buenos Aires. Methods: Between September 2017 and February 2018, data from 1000 patients consecutively seen at the cardiology guidance clinic were collected. All patients underwent anamnesis, cardiovascular physical examination, electrocardiogram and, if considered necessary, pulse oximetry, chest x-ray, and/or echocardiogram. The variables considered were age, place of origin, presence or absence of congenital or acquired heart disease, murmur, cyanosis, heart failure, nutritional status, associated genetic syndromes, diagnostic methods, and treatment. The population was divided into five groups: Group A (patients with congenital heart defects), Group B (operated cardiopathies), Group C (myocardiopathies), Group D (arrhythmias), Group E (healthy heart). Results: Median age was 4.86 years (0.03 to 18.9 years). Overall, 64% of patients came from the province of Buenos Aires. The reasons for consultation were: internal consultations 29.5%, cardiac shunt 27.2%, murmur 17.6%, syncope 7%, second opinion 5.1%, arrhythmias 4.8%, precordialgia 3.1%, palpitations 2.6%, paroxysmal episode 1.4%, cardiomegaly 0.7%, dyspnea 0.5%, 0.3% poor weight gain. A genetic syndrome was identified in 10.6%. Group A: 252 patients with a median age of 1.9 years. Acyanotic congenital heart defect with pulmonary hyperflow was the most common (66.66%, 168/252). Group B: 51 patients, 23.52% (12/51) had tetralogy of Fallot repaired at another institution. Group C: 22 patients, in whom hypertrophic cardiomyopathy was the most common. Group D: 47 patients, in whom ventricular preexcitation was the most common finding (34.04%, 16/47). Group E: 628 patients, 45.70% (287/628) referred by pediatricians from the outpatient clinics, mainly for the assessment of systemic diseases or genetic syndromes. Conclusion: The reasons for referral to the cardiology guidance clinic were varied. Most of the patients came from the province of Buenos Aires. Only 37.2% had an underlying heart disease. Of the patients who consulted because of a murmur, 91% did not suffer from heart disease. The group of patients with congenital heart disease who had not undergone surgery (group A) was the youngest (median 1.9 years) and simple non-cyanotic heart disease with pulmonary hyperflow accounted for 66.66% of heart diseases. The implementation of the portable echocardiography in the guidance clinic confirmed the diagnosis and defined the management in 29.4% of patients during the first consultation (AU)

Internações por Condições Sensíveis à Atenção Primária (ICSAP) no Distrito Federal: comparação com outras capitais brasileiras no período de 2009 a 2018 / Hospitalisations due to ambulatory care sensitive conditions (ACSC) between 2009 and 2018 in Brazil's Federal District as compared with other state capitals

Resumo Este estudo tem como objetivo comparar para a última década, as taxas padronizadas de internações por condições sensíveis à atenção primária à saúde (ICSAP) no Distrito Federal (DF), cotejando-as com capitais selecionadas, faixa etária e grupos ICSAP. Trata-se de um estudo ecológico com dados secundários oriundos dos microdados do Sistema de Informações Hospitalares (SIH-SUS), para o período de 2009 a 2018. Nesse intervalo, houve redução da participação relativa das ICSAP nas faixas etárias de 50 a 59 e 60 a 69 anos e estabilidade na proporção dessas internações entre crianças e adolescentes no DF. Por outro lado, a não redução nas faixas etárias ≤ 20 anos, uma população prioritária na APS, pode representar barreiras de acesso dessa população. Os resultados evidenciam a não observação dos efeitos esperados de redução na proporção das ICSAP, devido ao fato da expansão de cobertura de Equipes de Saúde da Família ter sido recente.

Abstract This study compared standardised rates of hospitalisations due to ambulatory care sensitive conditions (ACSCs) in Brazil's Federal District from 2009 to 2018, as compared with those for selected state capitals, age groups and admissions groups. This ecological study used secondary data drawn from Hospital Information System microdata for the study period, during which, in the Federal District, the proportion of such admissions among 50-59 and 60-69 year olds declined, while those among children and adolescents held stable. Meanwhile, rates did not decrease in the ≤ 20 year age groups, a priority population in PHC, which may suggest that this population encountered barriers to access. The results showed that the expected reduction in the proportion of such admissions has not occurred, because coverage by Family Health Teams has been expanded only recently.

Modelo ambulatorial de atendimento de nódulo de tireoide / Ambulatory care model thyroid nodule

A prevalência de detecção de nódulos na tireoide através da palpação é de aproximadamente 5%. Essa prevalência sobe para 19 a 67% quando utilizada a avaliação ecográfica. A importância da avaliação clínica dessa entidade está na necessidade de diagnosticar o câncer de tireoide que ocorre em 5 a 10% dos casos. O relato descreve o perfil dos atendimentos realizados no ambulatório de nódulos de tireoide do Hospital Municipal Dr. Mário Gatti no período de 01/05/17 a 27/07/18 de pacientes que tiveram diagnóstico ultrassonográfico de nódulo de tireoide e realizaram punção aspirativa por agulha fina, a fim de inferir a respeito da capacidade de resolutividade do ambulatório interdisciplinar (endocrinologia e cirurgia de cabeça e pescoço) no diagnóstico e tratamento do câncer de tireoide. A organização do ambulatório com atendimento integral e por equipe multidisciplinar, possibilita uma melhora na qualidade assistencial além de ser elemento facilitador para o ensino, aprendizado e pesquisa. (AU)

The rate of thyroid node detection by touch is approximately 5%. This rate goes up to a range between 19 and 67% when a sonographic evaluation is used. The importance of the clinical evaluation of those thyroid nodes is within the need of diagnosing the cancer that occurs in 5 to 10% of the cases. This paper describes the profile of consultations performed at the Outpatient Clinic Thyroid Node Unit of the Municipal Hospital Dr. Mário Gatti (HMMG) from 01/05/17 to 07/27/18, of patients who had ultrasonographic diagnostics of thyroid node and underwent fine-needle aspiration, in order to draw conclusions about the capacity of the interdisciplinary clinic (Endocrinology and Head and Neck surgery) to diagnose and treat thyroid cancer effectively. The organization of the outpatient clinic, with comprehensive care and multidisciplinary team, enables an improvement in medical assistance as well as facilitating teaching, learning and research. (AU)

Conhecimento de cirurgiões-dentistas de Atenção Primária à Saúde acerca de urgências endodônticas / Knowledge of Primary Health Care dentists about endodontic urgencies

Objetivo: avaliar o conhecimento de um grupo de cirurgiões-dentistas que trabalham em Atenção Primária à Saúde acerca de diagnósticos e condutas a serem tomadas diante de urgências em endodontia. Métodos: 24 cirurgiões-dentistas responderam um questionário estruturado, adaptado para o estudo. O instrumento abordava características socioeconômicas e o conhecimento dos cirurgiões-dentistas sobre diagnósticos e condutas perante patologias pulpares e periapicais. Os dados foram submetidos a análises estatísticas descritivas (medidas de variabilidade e de tendência central) e de associação entre os desfechos e as variáveis independentes, pelo Teste t Student e pelo teste de correlação Pearson, todos com α ≤ 0,05. Resultados: a quantidade de acertos dos participantes foi baixa nas perguntas selecionadas, as quais eram vinculadas aos conhecimentos de urgência em endodontia (27,3% ­ 68,2%). Essa baixa quantidade de acertos foi relacionada às variáveis sexo, idade e tempo de formado. Conclusão: o cirurgião-dentista deve estar preparado para lidar com urgências endodônticas desde a formação acadêmica. Considerando a baixa quantidade de acertos nas questões acerca de urgências endodônticas, atualizações constantes sobre o tema são necessárias, a fim de aprimorar o conhecimento dos profissionais e ampliar a resolutividade dos serviços. (AU)

Objective: To assess the knowledge of a group of dentists working in Primary Health Care about the diagnostics and behaviors to be adopted to treat endodontic emergencies. Methods: 24 dentists answered a structured questionnaire adapted to the study. The instrument addressed socioeconomic characteristics and the knowledge of dentists about diagnostics and behaviors concerning pulpal and periapical pathologies. The data were subjected to analyses of descriptive statistics (measures of variability and central tendency) and of association between the outcomes and the independent variables using Student's t-test and Pearson correlation test. Significance was set at α ≤ 0.05. Results: The number of correct answers was low in the questions selected, which were linked to the knowledge of endodontic emergencies (27.3 - 68.2%). The low number of correct answers was related to the variables of sex, age, and time of academic training. Conclusion: Dentists should be prepared to deal with endodontic emergencies since their academic training. The low number of correct answers for questions about endodontic emergencies shows the need for constant updates on the subject, in order to improve the knowledge of the professionals and expand the resoluteness of services. (AU)

Ambulatory care sensitive conditions hospitalization for emergencies rates in Colombia

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To analyze the emergency hospitalizations trend for ambulatory care sensitive conditions between 2011 and 2015 in a health insureance company of the Colombian Social Security General System. METHODS A log-linear analysis based on age-adjusted hospitalization rates for ambulatory care sensitive conditions in the Entidad Promotora de Salud Sanitas was used to estimate the annual percentage change in these rates and to identify joinponts of the rates. Data was collected from administrative sources. RESULTS There were 38,530 hospitalizations for ambulatory care sensitive conditions in 26,501 Entidad Promotora de Salud Sanitas enrollees, with a significant decrease in hospitalization rates. The annual percentage change estimated for the period was -9.5% with no significant joinpoints throughout the time interval. CONCLUSIONS A significant reduction in hospital admissions due to ambulatory care sensitive conditions in Entidad Promotora de Salud Sanitas enrollees were reported for the last five years in this study.